Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Leila Khoshandam; Maryam Nematizadeh
Abstract
The inverse data envelopment analysis (DEA) problem has been one of the most important issues in the last decade. The inverse DEA permits the chief manager to increase (or decrease) outputs (or inputs) of decision-making units (DMUs) in such a way that the level of the relative efficiency of the under–observed ...
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The inverse data envelopment analysis (DEA) problem has been one of the most important issues in the last decade. The inverse DEA permits the chief manager to increase (or decrease) outputs (or inputs) of decision-making units (DMUs) in such a way that the level of the relative efficiency of the under–observed DMU is preserved. Due to the importance of network-structured production systems in real life, the main purpose of the present research is to provide an inverse DEA model for a two-stage network-structured production system in the presence of undesirable factors. The weak disposability assumption is used to handle undesirable outputs in the proposed model. The focus of the proposed model is on estimating the amount of change in one or more indicators of one stage of the process by changing the indicators of another stage to preserve the level of efficiency. The most important advantage of the proposed procedure is that it can increase the level of outputs and simultaneously reduce the level of inputs. To demonstrate its practical use, the model is applied to a real-life example in poultry farming.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Rita de Fátima Muniz; Wagner Bandeira Andriola; Sheila Maria Maria Muniz; Antônio Clécio Fontelles Thomaz
Abstract
The present article deals with the application of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology to identify the most weighty factors that are associated with student performance on large-scale assessments, amongst them, the permanent assessment system for basic education "SPAECE" test. The DEA Slacks-Based-Measure ...
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The present article deals with the application of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology to identify the most weighty factors that are associated with student performance on large-scale assessments, amongst them, the permanent assessment system for basic education "SPAECE" test. The DEA Slacks-Based-Measure (SBM) model was used to estimate the relative efficiency of school units in the city of Sobral (CE), one of the most prominent Brazilian counties in the educational scenario. It was evident that the presence of libraries, computer labs, sports courts and rooms for special care in school units constitutes a significant factor associated with the high performance of students, impacting, therefore, school efficiency.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Sima Madadi; Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi; Mehdi Fallah Jellodar; Mohsen Rostamy-Malkhalifeh
Abstract
We developed a DEA-based resource re-allocation model based on environmental DEA technology for organizations with a central decision-making environment. The proposed model considered a weak disposability axiom for undesirable outputs and combined Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with Multiple-Objective ...
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We developed a DEA-based resource re-allocation model based on environmental DEA technology for organizations with a central decision-making environment. The proposed model considered a weak disposability axiom for undesirable outputs and combined Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with Multiple-Objective Programing (MOP). The objective was to find the appropriate re-allocation model in order to save energy and reduce environmental pollution, so that the next steps could be taken toward improvement. Given that reducing the inputs and outputs of inefficient units is sometimes not achievable and does not seem logical, for the reduction in the values to be logical and achievable, we divided the Decision-Making Units (DMUs) into different levels of efficient frontier using the context-dependent DEA technique. For this purpose, the model was designed to move the DMUs from the current frontier to the efficient frontier of the previous layer, which has better efficiency conditions, or keep them on their own frontier. In addition, the opinion of the central decision maker regarding the amount of reduction in the inputs and outputs was expressed using Goal Programing (GP) in a way that does not make the model infeasible. By implementing the model in 8 regions of the world, suggestions were made regarding the amounts of energy saving and CO2 pollution reduction based on the conditions determined by the central decision maker aiming improve the efficiency of inefficient units in the next step.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Shokouh Shahbeyk; Shokoofe Banihashemi
Abstract
One of the most critical aspects of credit risk management is determining the capital requirement to cover the credit risk in a bank loan portfolio. This paper discusses how the credit risk of a loan portfolio can be obtained by the stochastic recovery rate based on two approaches: beta distribution ...
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One of the most critical aspects of credit risk management is determining the capital requirement to cover the credit risk in a bank loan portfolio. This paper discusses how the credit risk of a loan portfolio can be obtained by the stochastic recovery rate based on two approaches: beta distribution and short interest rates. The capital required to cover the credit risk is achieved through the Vasicek model. Also, the Black-Scholes Merton model for the European call option is utilized to quantify the Probability of Default (PD). Value at Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value at Risk (CVaR) are used as measures of risk to evaluate the level of risk obtained by the worst-case PD. A stochastic recovery rate calculates VaR related to the underlying intensity default. In addition, the intensity default process is assumed to be linear in the short-term interest rate, driven by a CIR process. The loan portfolio performance is evaluated by considering the relevant characteristics with the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method. This study proposes the losses driven by the stochastic recovery rate and default probability. The empirical investigation uses the Black-Sholes-Merton model to measure the PD of eighth stocks from different industries of the Iran stock exchange market.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Maryam Arbabi; Zohreh Moghaddas; Alireza Amirteimoori; Mohsen Khunsiavash
Abstract
Sensitivity analysis in optimization problems is important for managers and decision maker to introduce different strategies. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a method based on mathematical programming to evaluate the efficiency of a set of Decision-Making Units (DMUs). Due to the importance of sensitivity ...
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Sensitivity analysis in optimization problems is important for managers and decision maker to introduce different strategies. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a method based on mathematical programming to evaluate the efficiency of a set of Decision-Making Units (DMUs). Due to the importance of sensitivity analysis in an optimization problem, a development of DEA model called inverse model in DEA is presented. The purpose of this model is to analyze the sensitivity of some inputs or outputs to changes in some other inputs or outputs of the unit under evaluation, provided that the amount of efficiency remains constant or improves at the discretion of the manager. In this research, for the first time, we introduce the inverse model in DEA with network structure. In fact, we examine the extent to which the input parameters are likely to change based on the presuppositions of the problem, for the output changes that are applied as the manager desires. One of the key points of this research is that to make the modeling more consistent with reality, the leader-follower method was used in estimating the parameters in the network. In addition, the opinions of the system manager and the decision maker, who have full control over the system under their management, are included in this modeling to estimate the desired values. Another feature of this modeling is the consideration of uncontrollable factors in the inverse model in DEA with network structure. Finally, using a numerical example, the results obtained are analyzed based on the proposed model.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Reza Fallahnejad; Sanaz Asadi Rahmati; Kayvan Moradipour
Abstract
To evaluate the performance and estimate the efficiency of Decision-Making Units (DMUs) in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the available data are used. These data are usually divided into two categories of inputs and outputs based on their natures. If the price data is also available for inputs, it ...
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To evaluate the performance and estimate the efficiency of Decision-Making Units (DMUs) in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the available data are used. These data are usually divided into two categories of inputs and outputs based on their natures. If the price data is also available for inputs, it is necessary to calculate another type of the efficiency called Cost Efficiency (CE). Since the efficiency of units in such a framework is depended on the both quantities of inputs and outputs and also the prices of inputs, it is important to find the sources of cost inefficiency related to each of the factors and plans to address them. In this paper, we intend to present a new decomposition of CE and observed cost versus optimal cost, which are raised from each of the factors involved in the cost inefficiency, in a non-competitive pricing environment which the input price vector for different DMUs can be different. Moreover, for the first time, in parallel with using the PPS based on input and output quantities and introducing some cost inefficiency factors related to this set, we will introduce new sets called price and cost production sets that the first is based on the prices of inputs and output factors, and the second is based on the optimal vectors of inputs and prices obtained from two previous PPS, and then we will introduce other factors of cost inefficiency in the sets. Accordingly, new decomposition for cost inefficiencies will be presented. Also, in the previous analyzes, congestion inefficiency has not been considered as one of the important factors in cost inefficiency. In this study, we also intend to consider the impact of this factor on CE.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Jafar Pourmahmoud; Naser Kaheh; Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi
Abstract
In traditional cost-efficiency models, inputs and outputs, as well as input prices were known as constant values for each decision-making unit In our daily applications, however, market entry prices vary at different times. In other words, input prices for decision-making units (DMUs) are time dependent. ...
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In traditional cost-efficiency models, inputs and outputs, as well as input prices were known as constant values for each decision-making unit In our daily applications, however, market entry prices vary at different times. In other words, input prices for decision-making units (DMUs) are time dependent. Traditional methods cannot calculate the cost efficiency of DMUs with time-dependent prices. This paper proposes a new method to calculate the cost efficiency of DMUs in the presence of time-dependent prices. The proposed model is a parametric programming problem model depending on time. In the presented model, the inputs and outputs are functions in terms of time, which is not present in the models introduced by other researchers. New definitions for time-dependent cost efficiency have also been introduced. The cost efficiency of DMUs is measured over a given time and the units are ranked according to the time obtained. Finally, a numerical example has been presented to illustrate the proposed method.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Mohammad Khodabakhshi; Zahra Cheraghali
Abstract
One of the critical concerns in the audit court is to study budgetary deviations of the executive organizations. Audit court seeks methods to evaluations the executive organizations based on their budget deviations. The aim of this study is to rank executive agencies aimed at the improvement of their ...
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One of the critical concerns in the audit court is to study budgetary deviations of the executive organizations. Audit court seeks methods to evaluations the executive organizations based on their budget deviations. The aim of this study is to rank executive agencies aimed at the improvement of their performance. We use a ranking method based on data envelopment analysis that can simultaneously use multi-indexes for ranking and we use budget split indexes of the audit court for ranking of executive organizations. The results enable managers to identify the best and worst executive agencies based on the considered indexes of the budget split of the audit court. The objectives of this paper are to investigate which executive organizations have more budget deviations. Any organization that had a lower rank shows that it has based on the indexes under evaluation more deviation. To study the performance process of each of the executive agencies, we collected data for two years and analyzed the performance of the executive agencies during these two years.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Mehdi Soltanifar
Abstract
Linear Assignment (LAM) is one of the Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) methods that uses integer programming models in the solution process. In this method, only the final priority of the alternatives is determined and the distance between the alternatives is not clear. The purpose of this paper ...
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Linear Assignment (LAM) is one of the Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) methods that uses integer programming models in the solution process. In this method, only the final priority of the alternatives is determined and the distance between the alternatives is not clear. The purpose of this paper is to modify this method so that instead of the final priority of the alternatives, the final weight of the alternatives is presented. This is done using a linear programming model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In this paper, we propose a hybrid MADM-DEA method called Linear Assignment Voting (VLAM). The new method is explained with a numerical example. The method will then be implemented on a problem in the real world to demonstrate the application of the method. In this case study, VLAM demonstrates the prioritization of models proposed by experts for the purchase of excavators in a road construction company. Also, based on the results of this method, the weight of the first, second and third priorities are 0.39, 0.35 and 0.26, respectively. These results increase the decision maker's power in making the final decision and choice.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Maryam Nematizadeh; Maryeh Nematizadeh
Abstract
Naturally, managers are interested in analyzing the relative efficiency of the production systems with parametric or non-parametric methods. One of the non-parametric methods utilized in recent three decades is a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that can evaluate the relative efficiency of these structures ...
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Naturally, managers are interested in analyzing the relative efficiency of the production systems with parametric or non-parametric methods. One of the non-parametric methods utilized in recent three decades is a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) that can evaluate the relative efficiency of these structures and determine their strengths and weaknesses. In the real world, most production systems have a network structure. So, Network Data Envelopment Analysis (NDEA) is a suitable non-parametric method to evaluate the performance of production processes, which considers the internal processes. In addition to the importance of treating consumed waters and pollutants in environmental protection in today’s world, increasing the profitability of the production unit can be an important motivation to design the proper model to evaluate the performance of these structures in terms of profitability. In this sense, we first introduce a two-stage feedback structure including undesirable factors. Then, by applying the assumption of weak disposability for undesirable factors, a method for analyzing the relative performance of such network structures is given. The focus would be on profitability maximization. Moreover, to illustrate the proposed approach, a real case on the ecological system of 31 regions of China is used.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Mahnaz Maghbouli; Fatemeh Moradi
Abstract
Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is considered as an alternative issue in both fields of psychology and education. Studies that have been conducted in this area illustrate the role of EQ and its components in different aspects of one's life such as academic achievement, occupation, and social relationships. ...
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Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is considered as an alternative issue in both fields of psychology and education. Studies that have been conducted in this area illustrate the role of EQ and its components in different aspects of one's life such as academic achievement, occupation, and social relationships. Turning to a view to academic performance measurement, mathematics is considered as a science which can promote the learners' ability in order to respond to the ups and downs of every individual’s life. Most of the previous papers have investigated the relationship between EQ and mathematical Performance. The main feature of those studies were focusing on statistical analysis. To deal with this issue, this study proposes an alternative procedure not only is interested in employing non parametric models, such as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), but also provides the statistical analysis to assess the questioned relation. The proposed procedure can serve as an evaluation tool for educational policy and students ‘promotion. To do so, eighty-one individuals have been selected among Islamic Azad University (Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) branch) engineering students with simple random during the first midterm of academic year 2019-2020. Distributing a standard EQ questionnaire of Bradberry and Greaves [18] reveals EQ and its four components’ scores. The average of three completed math scores have presented mathematical performance quantity. The results of DEA point out no specific pattern between EQ and mathematical performance. The study also reveals that statistical analysis show a similar trend as efficiency analysis method did.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Seyede Nasrin Hosseini Monfared; Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi; Mohammad Reza Mozaffari; Mohsen Rostamy Malkhalifeh
Abstract
In conventional DEA models, it is supposed real-valued inputs and outputs while every measure must be determined as an input or output. However, in some cases, there are flexible measures which can only take integer values in two-stage network DEA. In all previous researches has not been mentioned the ...
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In conventional DEA models, it is supposed real-valued inputs and outputs while every measure must be determined as an input or output. However, in some cases, there are flexible measures which can only take integer values in two-stage network DEA. In all previous researches has not been mentioned the classification flexible measures while some inputs, outputs, and flexible measures can only take integer values in two-stage network DEA. So in this paper, we propose integer-valued FNDEA approach is based on envelopment form of CCR that evaluates the relative efficiency of DMUs and determines the status of flexible measures in the presence of integer data in basic and general two-stage network structures. Our model can determine projection points of inputs, outputs, and flexible measures in the presence of integer data in two-stage network DEA. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the procedure.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Mohammad Fallah
Abstract
This paper examines the petrochemical companies listed on the stock from the perspective of health indicators. Petrochemical companies are working to create health platforms to prevent accidents and reduce health costs. In this study, using two-stage data envelopment analysis technique, the efficiency ...
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This paper examines the petrochemical companies listed on the stock from the perspective of health indicators. Petrochemical companies are working to create health platforms to prevent accidents and reduce health costs. In this study, using two-stage data envelopment analysis technique, the efficiency and effectiveness of petrochemical companies, were investigated from a health point of view and was done by using health indicators. In this research, five inputs are used for two intermediate production and finally for the last three outputs of petrochemical companies from the aspect of human health.The results show that Maroon and Jam petrochemical companies have been more efficient than other well-known companies and the Shazand Petrochemical Company in the second part of achieving the final result.Of the seven petrochemical companies in total, none have had full productivity, but Maroon and Jam Petrochemicals have been targeted first and second in productivity, respectively.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Hilda Saleh; Morteza Shafiee; Mohammad Sanji
Abstract
A new approach to the dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) referred to as the adjusted dynamic DEA, is proposed in this study. Adjusted dynamic DEA optimizes the production activity of DMUs by introducing adjustment variables to modify the interconnecting activities between consecutive terms, solving ...
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A new approach to the dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) referred to as the adjusted dynamic DEA, is proposed in this study. Adjusted dynamic DEA optimizes the production activity of DMUs by introducing adjustment variables to modify the interconnecting activities between consecutive terms, solving conflicts that arise between terms and between management and shareholders. The non-oriented Slack Based Model (SBM) is used as a base model and is extended to the adjusted dynamic framework, where adjustment variables are introduced. And also, in this paper, an attempt has been made to consider ratio data and extend traditional ratio DEA models to dynamic DEA-R model. In order to examine the applicability of the proposed method, the model is applied to evaluate the efficiency of ten branches of an Iranian bank during three consecutive terms. The adjusted dynamic SBM model under Variable Return to Scale (VRS) is solved and reference units for each inefficient DMU are identified. In addition, the slacks and adjustment variables are analyzed and further suggestions about the efficient conditions to the management are provided.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Hadi Shirouyehzad; Javid Jouzdani; Mazdak Khodadadi Karimvand
Abstract
There have been several major global outbreaks during the past decades, with the latest being the worst. The COVID-19 pandemic has infected hundreds of thousands and killed thousands in the world affecting most countries in around the globe. Outbreak response management efficiency can have a major impact ...
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There have been several major global outbreaks during the past decades, with the latest being the worst. The COVID-19 pandemic has infected hundreds of thousands and killed thousands in the world affecting most countries in around the globe. Outbreak response management efficiency can have a major impact on the outcome of the pandemic. Therefore, in this paper, the performance of most seriously affected countries regarding contagion control and medical treatment of COVID-19 is evaluated using data envelopment analysis. The efficiency values are calculated based on the conditions of the countries and the number of confirmed cases in the first step in order to create a basis for analysis according to the contagion control. In the second step the performance evaluation is done considering the total number of confirmed cases, the death cases, and the recovered cases to evaluate the efficiency of medical treatment in the countries. The countries are also classified into four groups using area chart, and for each group, some suggestions and analyses are presented. The results show the performance of the countries regarding the contagion control and medical treatment.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Rajon Paul Pantha; Md. Saiful Islam; Nahida Akter; Emroze Islam
Abstract
Nowadays, increasing environmental and social awareness has led numerous industries to adopt Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM). Sustainable Supplier Selection (SSS) is considered as a very important and primary step of achieving an SSCM. SSS is a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem ...
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Nowadays, increasing environmental and social awareness has led numerous industries to adopt Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM). Sustainable Supplier Selection (SSS) is considered as a very important and primary step of achieving an SSCM. SSS is a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem and is very intricate for its nature. This study aims to evaluate and rank sustainable suppliers using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) which is a popular model for measuring the productive efficiency of decision-making units effectively and is also able to handle MCDM problems. To avoid some inherent limitations of DEA, an evolutionary algorithm Differential Evolution (DE) is used to solve the DEA model. This integrated DEA-DE model provides more accurate efficiencies and is verified through a case study in a pharmaceutical company. Employing this easy and fast model to assess sustainable suppliers will help industries and suppliers to move forward towards achieving and maintaining sustainability and thus will increase the overall performance of SSCM.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Seyed Ahmad Edalatpanah
Abstract
Several attempts have been made to deal with uncertain input and output data in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). However, due to the limitation of these methods, they cannot be applied for solving DEA with indeterminacy, impreciseness, vagueness, inconsistent and incompleteness information. So this paper ...
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Several attempts have been made to deal with uncertain input and output data in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). However, due to the limitation of these methods, they cannot be applied for solving DEA with indeterminacy, impreciseness, vagueness, inconsistent and incompleteness information. So this paper for the first time deals with the Neutrosophic Data Envelopment Analysis and present a new model to solve it.
