Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Rita de Fátima Muniz; Wagner Bandeira Andriola; Sheila Maria Muniz; Antônio Clécio Fontelles Thomaz
Abstract
The present article is an excerpt from a research published in the Journal Revista Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação (2021). The present study adopted the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, to identify the weightiest factors that are ...
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The present article is an excerpt from a research published in the Journal Revista Ensaio: Avaliação e Políticas Públicas em Educação (2021). The present study adopted the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology, to identify the weightiest factors that are associated with student performance on large-scale assessments, amongst them, the permanent assessment system for basic education (spaece) test. The DEA Slacks-Based-Measure (SBM) model was used to estimate the relative efficiency of school units in the City of Sobral (CE), one of the most prominent Brazilian counties in the educational scenario. It was evident that the presence of libraries, computer labs, sports courts and rooms for special care in school units constitutes a significant factor associated with the high performance of students, impacting, therefore, on school efficiency.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Reza Fallahnejad; Sanaz Asadi Rahmati; Kayvan Moradipour
Abstract
To evaluate the performance and estimate the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the available data are used. These data are usually divided into two categories of inputs and outputs based on their natures. If the price data is also available for inputs, it ...
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To evaluate the performance and estimate the efficiency of decision-making units (DMUs) in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), the available data are used. These data are usually divided into two categories of inputs and outputs based on their natures. If the price data is also available for inputs, it is necessary to calculate another type of the efficiency called cost effi-ciency. Since the efficiency of units in such a framework is depended on the both quantities of inputs and outputs and also the prices of inputs, it is important to find the sources of cost inefficiency related to each of the factors and plans to ad-dress them. In this paper, we intend to present a new decomposition of cost efficiency and observed cost versus optimal cost, which are arised from each of the factors involved in the cost inefficiency, in a non-competitive pricing environment which the input price vector for different DMUs can be different. Moreover, for the first time, in parallel with using the PPS based on input and output quantities and introducing some cost inefficiency factors related to this set, we will intro-duce new sets called price and cost production sets that the first is based on the prices of inputs and output factors, and the second is based on the optimal vectors of inputs and prices obtained from two previous PPS, and then we will introduce other factors of cost inefficiency in the sets. Accordingly, new decomposition for cost inefficiencies will be presented. Also, in the previous analyzes, congestion inefficiency has not been considered as one of the important factors in cost inefficiency. In this study, we also intend to consider the impact of this factor on cost efficiency.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Sima Madadi; Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi; Mehdi Fallah Jellodar; Mohsen Rostamy-Malkhalifeh
Abstract
We developed a DEA-based resource re-allocation model based on environmental DEA technology for organizations with a central decision-making environment. The proposed model considered a weak disposability axiom for undesirable outputs and combined data envelopment analysis (DEA) with multiple-objective ...
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We developed a DEA-based resource re-allocation model based on environmental DEA technology for organizations with a central decision-making environment. The proposed model considered a weak disposability axiom for undesirable outputs and combined data envelopment analysis (DEA) with multiple-objective programing (MOP). The objective was to find the appropriate re-allocation model in order to save energy and reduce environmental pollution, so that the next steps could be taken toward improvement. Given that reducing the inputs and outputs of inefficient units is sometimes not achievable and does not seem logical, for the reduction in the values to be logical and achievable, we divided the decision-making units (DMUs) into different levels of efficient frontier using the context-dependent DEA technique. For this purpose, the model was designed to move the DMUs from the current frontier to the efficient frontier of the previous layer, which has better efficiency conditions, or keep them on their own frontier. In addition, the opinion of the central decision maker regarding the amount of reduction in the inputs and outputs was expressed using Goal Programing (GP) in a way that does not make the model infeasible. By implementing the model in 8 regions of the world, suggestions were made regarding the amounts of energy saving and CO2 pollution reduction based on the conditions determined by the central decision maker aiming improve the efficiency of inefficient units in the next step.
Game theory
Fatemeh Ghaeminasab; Mohsen Rostamy-Malkhalifeh; farhad hosseinzadeh Lotfi; Mohammad-Hasan Behzadi; Hamidreza Navidi
Abstract
In this paper, while taking into account the cooperative relationships between units, the problem of revenue allocation is considered as a coalitional game. In order for the allocation to be equitable, by relying on the concept of DEA efficiency, a new characteristic function is presented, and then using ...
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In this paper, while taking into account the cooperative relationships between units, the problem of revenue allocation is considered as a coalitional game. In order for the allocation to be equitable, by relying on the concept of DEA efficiency, a new characteristic function is presented, and then using the concept of the Shapley value, which is a well-recognized concept in coalitional game theory, a unique solution is obtained for the revenue allocation problem. And finally, to evaluate the equitability of the performed revenue allocation, the Gini coefficient is utilized. A comparison of the Gini coefficient obtained for our method with those of some existing methods showed that our method is more equitable than the previous ones. This demonstrates how impactful the wise and accurate selection of the characteristic function is in the equitability of the results.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Shokouh Shahbeyk; Shokoofe Banihashemi
Abstract
One of the most important aspects of credit risk management is determining the capital requirement to cover the credit risk in a bank loan portfolio. This paper discusses the credit risk of a loan portfolio can be obtained by the stochastic recovery rate based on two approaches: beta distribution and ...
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One of the most important aspects of credit risk management is determining the capital requirement to cover the credit risk in a bank loan portfolio. This paper discusses the credit risk of a loan portfolio can be obtained by the stochastic recovery rate based on two approaches: beta distribution and short interest rates. The capital required to cover the credit risk is achieved through the Vasicek model. Also, the Black-Scholes Merton model for european call option is utilized to quantify the probability of default. Value-at-Risk (VaR) and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) are utilized as measures of risk to evaluate the level of risk obtained by the worst-case Probability Of Default (PD) a stochastic recovery rate is used for calculating VaR which relates to the underlying intensity default. In addition, the intensity default process is assumed to be linear in the short-term interest rate, which is driven by a CIR process. By considering the relevant characteristics with Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, the loan portfolio performance is evaluated. This study proposes the losses which are driven by the stochastic recovery rate and default probability. The empirical investigation measures the PD of eighth stocks from different industries of the Iran stock exchange market by using the Black-Sholes-Merton model.
Case studies in industry and services
Kh. Ghaziyani; farhad hosseinzadeh Lotfi; Sohrab Kordrostami; alireza amirteimoori
Abstract
Today, one of the main problems in many organizations such as banks with many branches, is that the method of evaluating them is not correct. The traditional techniques used to evaluate performance are often single-level and do not provide the manager with enough information to identify the inefficiency ...
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Today, one of the main problems in many organizations such as banks with many branches, is that the method of evaluating them is not correct. The traditional techniques used to evaluate performance are often single-level and do not provide the manager with enough information to identify the inefficiency causes of inefficient units. In contrast, Bi-level Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models solve the problem of ignoring internal relationships. In this paper, first, the factors that had a higher rank were selected as input and output factors with the help of bank experts and the AHP method. Then, the performance of 30 branches of the Central Bank of Iran was evaluated using the leader-follower method and generalizing Russell's non-radial method. In this paper, the intermediate data is desirable and undesirable. The results showed that the proposed model does not have the problems of traditional models and provides a more realistic assessment of the efficiency of bank branches.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Jafar Pourmahmoud; Naser Kaheh; Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi
Abstract
In traditional cost-efficiency models, inputs and outputs, as well as input prices were known as constant values for each decision-making unit In our daily applications, however, market entry prices vary at different times. In other words, input prices for decision-making units (DMUs) are time dependent. ...
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In traditional cost-efficiency models, inputs and outputs, as well as input prices were known as constant values for each decision-making unit In our daily applications, however, market entry prices vary at different times. In other words, input prices for decision-making units (DMUs) are time dependent. Traditional methods cannot calculate the cost efficiency of DMUs with time-dependent prices. This paper proposes a new method to calculate the cost efficiency of DMUs in the presence of time-dependent prices. The proposed model is a parametric programming problem model depending on time. In the presented model, the inputs and outputs are functions in terms of time, which is not present in the models introduced by other researchers. New definitions for time-dependent cost efficiency have also been introduced. The cost efficiency of DMUs is measured over a given time and the units are ranked according to the time obtained. Finally, a numerical example has been presented to illustrate the proposed method.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Mohammad Khodabakhshi; Zahra Cheraghali
Abstract
One of the critical concerns in the audit court is to study budgetary deviations of the executive organizations. Audit court seeks methods to evaluations the executive organizations based on their budget deviations. The aim of this study is to rank executive agencies aimed at the improvement of their ...
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One of the critical concerns in the audit court is to study budgetary deviations of the executive organizations. Audit court seeks methods to evaluations the executive organizations based on their budget deviations. The aim of this study is to rank executive agencies aimed at the improvement of their performance. We use a ranking method based on data envelopment analysis that can simultaneously use multi-indexes for ranking and we use budget split indexes of the audit court for ranking of executive organizations. The results enable managers to identify the best and worst executive agencies based on the considered indexes of the budget split of the audit court. The objectives of this paper are to investigate which executive organizations have more budget deviations. Any organization that had a lower rank shows that it has based on the indexes under evaluation more deviation. To study the performance process of each of the executive agencies, we collected data for two years and analyzed the performance of the executive agencies during these two years.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Seyede Nasrin Hosseini Monfared; Farhad Hosseinzadeh Lotfi; Mohammad Reza Mozaffari; Mohsen Rostamy Malkhalifeh
Abstract
In conventional DEA models, it is supposed real-valued inputs and outputs while every measure must be determined as an input or output. However, in some cases, there are flexible measures which can only take integer values in two-stage network DEA. In all previous researches has not been mentioned the ...
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In conventional DEA models, it is supposed real-valued inputs and outputs while every measure must be determined as an input or output. However, in some cases, there are flexible measures which can only take integer values in two-stage network DEA. In all previous researches has not been mentioned the classification flexible measures while some inputs, outputs, and flexible measures can only take integer values in two-stage network DEA. So in this paper, we propose integer-valued FNDEA approach is based on envelopment form of CCR that evaluates the relative efficiency of DMUs and determines the status of flexible measures in the presence of integer data in basic and general two-stage network structures. Our model can determine projection points of inputs, outputs, and flexible measures in the presence of integer data in two-stage network DEA. Numerical examples are used to illustrate the procedure.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Mohammad Fallah
Abstract
This paper examines the petrochemical companies listed on the stock from the perspective of health indicators. Petrochemical companies are working to create health platforms to prevent accidents and reduce health costs. In this study, using two-stage data envelopment analysis technique, the efficiency ...
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This paper examines the petrochemical companies listed on the stock from the perspective of health indicators. Petrochemical companies are working to create health platforms to prevent accidents and reduce health costs. In this study, using two-stage data envelopment analysis technique, the efficiency and effectiveness of petrochemical companies, were investigated from a health point of view and was done by using health indicators. In this research, five inputs are used for two intermediate production and finally for the last three outputs of petrochemical companies from the aspect of human health.The results show that Maroon and Jam petrochemical companies have been more efficient than other well-known companies and the Shazand Petrochemical Company in the second part of achieving the final result.Of the seven petrochemical companies in total, none have had full productivity, but Maroon and Jam Petrochemicals have been targeted first and second in productivity, respectively.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Hilda Saleh; Morteza Shafiee; Mohammad Sanji
Abstract
A new approach to the dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) referred to as the adjusted dynamic DEA, is proposed in this study. Adjusted dynamic DEA optimizes the production activity of DMUs by introducing adjustment variables to modify the interconnecting activities between consecutive terms, solving ...
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A new approach to the dynamic Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) referred to as the adjusted dynamic DEA, is proposed in this study. Adjusted dynamic DEA optimizes the production activity of DMUs by introducing adjustment variables to modify the interconnecting activities between consecutive terms, solving conflicts that arise between terms and between management and shareholders. The non-oriented Slack Based Model (SBM) is used as a base model and is extended to the adjusted dynamic framework, where adjustment variables are introduced. And also, in this paper, an attempt has been made to consider ratio data and extend traditional ratio DEA models to dynamic DEA-R model. In order to examine the applicability of the proposed method, the model is applied to evaluate the efficiency of ten branches of an Iranian bank during three consecutive terms. The adjusted dynamic SBM model under Variable Return to Scale (VRS) is solved and reference units for each inefficient DMU are identified. In addition, the slacks and adjustment variables are analyzed and further suggestions about the efficient conditions to the management are provided.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Hadi Shirouyehzad; Javid Jouzdani; Mazdak Khodadadi Karimvand
Abstract
There have been several major global outbreaks during the past decades, with the latest being the worst. The COVID-19 pandemic has infected hundreds of thousands and killed thousands in the world affecting most countries in around the globe. Outbreak response management efficiency can have a major impact ...
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There have been several major global outbreaks during the past decades, with the latest being the worst. The COVID-19 pandemic has infected hundreds of thousands and killed thousands in the world affecting most countries in around the globe. Outbreak response management efficiency can have a major impact on the outcome of the pandemic. Therefore, in this paper, the performance of most seriously affected countries regarding contagion control and medical treatment of COVID-19 is evaluated using data envelopment analysis. The efficiency values are calculated based on the conditions of the countries and the number of confirmed cases in the first step in order to create a basis for analysis according to the contagion control. In the second step the performance evaluation is done considering the total number of confirmed cases, the death cases, and the recovered cases to evaluate the efficiency of medical treatment in the countries. The countries are also classified into four groups using area chart, and for each group, some suggestions and analyses are presented. The results show the performance of the countries regarding the contagion control and medical treatment.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Rajon Paul Pantha; Md. Saiful Islam; Nahida Akter; Emroze Islam
Abstract
Nowadays, increasing environmental and social awareness has led numerous industries to adopt Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM). Sustainable Supplier Selection (SSS) is considered as a very important and primary step of achieving an SSCM. SSS is a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem ...
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Nowadays, increasing environmental and social awareness has led numerous industries to adopt Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM). Sustainable Supplier Selection (SSS) is considered as a very important and primary step of achieving an SSCM. SSS is a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problem and is very intricate for its nature. This study aims to evaluate and rank sustainable suppliers using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) which is a popular model for measuring the productive efficiency of decision-making units effectively and is also able to handle MCDM problems. To avoid some inherent limitations of DEA, an evolutionary algorithm Differential Evolution (DE) is used to solve the DEA model. This integrated DEA-DE model provides more accurate efficiencies and is verified through a case study in a pharmaceutical company. Employing this easy and fast model to assess sustainable suppliers will help industries and suppliers to move forward towards achieving and maintaining sustainability and thus will increase the overall performance of SSCM.
Seyed Hamzeh Mirzaei
Abstract
In aggregation of preferences system, each decision maker (DM) selects a subset of the alternative and places them in a ranked order. The key issue of the aggregation preference is how to determine the weights associated with different ranking places. To avoid the subjectivity in determining the weights, ...
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In aggregation of preferences system, each decision maker (DM) selects a subset of the alternative and places them in a ranked order. The key issue of the aggregation preference is how to determine the weights associated with different ranking places. To avoid the subjectivity in determining the weights, data envelopment analysis (DEA) is used in Cook and Kress to determine the most favorable weights for each alternative. With respect to DEA-based models, two main criticisms appear in the literature: multiple top-ties and overly diverse weights. DEA models use assignments of the same aggregate value (equal to unity) to evaluate multiple alternatives as efficient. There is no criterion to discriminate among these alternatives in order to construct a ranking of alternatives. furthermore, overly diverse weights can appear, given that each alternative can have its own vector of weights (i.e., the one that maximizes its aggregate value). Thus, the efficiencies of different alternatives obtained by different sets of weights may be unable to be compared and ranked on the same basis In order to solve these two problems above, In order to rank all the alternatives on the same scale, In this paper we proposed an improvement to Kornbluth’s approach by introducing an multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) approach for generating a common set of weights in the DEA framework. In order to solve the MOLP model we use a goal programming (GP) model. solving the GP model gives us a common set of weights and then the efficiency scores of candidate can be obtained by using these common weights and finally we can rank all alternative.
Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA
Seyed Ahmad Edalatpanah
Abstract
Several attempts have been made to deal with uncertain input and output data in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). However, due to the limitation of these methods, they cannot be applied for solving DEA with indeterminacy, impreciseness, vagueness, inconsistent and incompleteness information. So this paper ...
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Several attempts have been made to deal with uncertain input and output data in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). However, due to the limitation of these methods, they cannot be applied for solving DEA with indeterminacy, impreciseness, vagueness, inconsistent and incompleteness information. So this paper for the first time deals with the Neutrosophic Data Envelopment Analysis and present a new model to solve it.
Khojasteh Rahimpour; Hadi Shirouyehzad; Mehdi Karbasian
Volume 3, 1(4) , December 2016, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
In today’s knowledge-based economy, intellectual capital has been used for organizations. Knowledge has been replaced with other capitals as the most important capital. The role of man power is notable as an effective factor and the most important capital. Also, organizational commitment has a ...
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In today’s knowledge-based economy, intellectual capital has been used for organizations. Knowledge has been replaced with other capitals as the most important capital. The role of man power is notable as an effective factor and the most important capital. Also, organizational commitment has a considerable effect on the improvement of organization effectiveness and many variables. On the other hand, the function of organizations should be investigated for the purpose of maintaining their survival. Data enveloping analysis is one of the techniques which is used in this field. The aim of this study is to evaluate the function of organizational units based on the intellectual capital and organizational commitment with the use of DEA. In this study, units of operation, warehouse, design and manufacturing, production planning, quality assurance and education, laboratory and law enforcement became efficient and their efficiency ranks were identified with the use of AP method. Units of design and manufacturing, production and planning, quality assurance and education, operation, and laboratory were respectively ranked from first to fifth place and the rank of warehouse and law enforcement units were not identified. Also, the intensity of input effects on the organizational commitment was included customer capital, structural capital, and human capital.
Navid Torabi; Seyyed Esmaeil Najafi
Volume 2, Issue 2 , June 2015, , Pages 111-119
Abstract
In this research, a new model for ranking is presented based on sum weights disparity index in data envelopment analysis in fuzzy condition. Using disparity index, the input and output of data envelopment analysis is considered according to similarity in one category and, units with the efficiency one ...
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In this research, a new model for ranking is presented based on sum weights disparity index in data envelopment analysis in fuzzy condition. Using disparity index, the input and output of data envelopment analysis is considered according to similarity in one category and, units with the efficiency one can be ranked with this method. The new approach of this research is the evaluation of this model in uncertainty conditions and in fuzzy state. In fuzzy conditions, a new model can be provided and used when there are no definitive data and the application of this model can get closer to the actual situation. In this study, to prove the adequacy of the model, the numerical example is assessed and the results of the proposed model is compared with the results of the fuzzy BCC model; the obtained results are indicative of the superiority of the proposed model.
Hadi Shirouyehzad; Arash Shahin; Mina Dayani
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 1-14
Abstract
Agile project management concept was introduced in the 21st century for the first time to provide continuous and timely software to provide value to the shareholders. This method is also useful for a variety of projects to respond to environmental changes. As a dynamic business area, always there is ...
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Agile project management concept was introduced in the 21st century for the first time to provide continuous and timely software to provide value to the shareholders. This method is also useful for a variety of projects to respond to environmental changes. As a dynamic business area, always there is a balance between the current and desired status of project-based organizations for which the study of the agile gap is important. In addition, there is no exact definition for desired status. Therefore, studying perception and expectation of contractors and employers is playing a main role for agile project management analysis. In this paper, data envelopment analysis has been applied to identify the most critical agile project management dimensions, based on the difference between contractors’ and employers’ perceptions and expectations. The case study includes six projects in Foolad technique Co. , the results showed that the following criteria are in critical condition in Foolad Technique Company: "team capabilities", " Customer Involvement", " Delivery Strategy" and "organizational environment"
Elaheh Maghsoudi; Hadi Shirouyehzad; Arash Shahin
Volume 1, Issue 5 , December 2014, , Pages 271-279
Abstract
Today’s performance evaluation system is the key factor in organization for evaluates the efficiency then plan for the future. Organization requires the methods that evaluate different aspects of the organization in spite of traditional methods that just consider to financial aspects of organization. ...
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Today’s performance evaluation system is the key factor in organization for evaluates the efficiency then plan for the future. Organization requires the methods that evaluate different aspects of the organization in spite of traditional methods that just consider to financial aspects of organization. Considering agile project management is useful because of the variation of changes in the business world and trying to satisfy the customer then gain the competitive market. Succeed organization are which have more ability, speed and flexibility to answer the marketing changes. So notice agile project management in project based organization with the talent to consult and performing constructional project is so an important object. The purpose of this study is performance evaluation in project based organization with agile project management approach using data envelopment analysis. proposed model perform in 6 project based organization in Isfahan organization with constructional background that end their project in 2011-2014. The results of the study show that with notice to per approach and its effective index, can reach to higher efficiency.
Saeid Nasrollahi-Sebdani; Majid Esmaelian; Daryush Mohamadi-Zanjirani
Volume 1, Issue 4 , October 2014, , Pages 198-207
Abstract
Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used for calculating of relative efficiency and then ranking of decision making units (DMU) subject to inputs and outputs in a continuous decision making space. In this paper, DEA models, Cook and Kress Model and Belton-Vickers model have been applied as ...
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Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used for calculating of relative efficiency and then ranking of decision making units (DMU) subject to inputs and outputs in a continuous decision making space. In this paper, DEA models, Cook and Kress Model and Belton-Vickers model have been applied as a multi attribute decision making (MADM) tool and compared analytically to other MADM models such as simple additive weighted (SAW) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). For this purpose, after simulating some decision making matrixes and replacing DMU with alternatives, outputs with criteria to be maximized, inputs with criteria to be minimized, alternatives will be ranked by these models. The results of this study show that incorporating decision maker value judgments into the DEA models (restricted DEA models) provide comparable results to traditional MADM models (such as SAW and TOPSIS that are applied more than others). So, restricted DEA models seem to be an advantageous tool for solving MADM problems.
M. Zorriyeh habib; M. Maghbouli
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 28-34
Abstract
Selecting the best performer departments can be a difficult task when there are many applicants for comparison. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) representative a non parametric tool can be used as a fair technique to support the decision making process .Considering the fact that competition and dependency ...
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Selecting the best performer departments can be a difficult task when there are many applicants for comparison. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) representative a non parametric tool can be used as a fair technique to support the decision making process .Considering the fact that competition and dependency always exist between two real DMUs, a DMU must only be compared with real DMUs lying at different efficiency levels. This paper applied a context-dependent DEA to determine the best candidate relative to the others, evaluate the degree of excellence of best candidates' performance and then clusters them.
T. Aliheidari bioki; H. Khademi Zare
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 35-49
Abstract
Competition among the industrial and service organizations to provide their clients with financial and credit requirements through the banking facilities has considerably increased. On the other hand, the challenge facing these financial and credit resources is that they are limited. Therefore, the optimal ...
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Competition among the industrial and service organizations to provide their clients with financial and credit requirements through the banking facilities has considerably increased. On the other hand, the challenge facing these financial and credit resources is that they are limited. Therefore, the optimal allocation of these limited financial resources with the aim of maximizing the investment value is of a great priority for banks and other financial institutes. In this study, first the credit criteria for the applicants for bank facilities have been identified and then based on the improved Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique, an effective method has been proposed for the client clustering. The improved DEA method which is called Golden DEA reduces the calculation time and increases the decision-making operations that ultimately lead to the improvement of the existing method. Also, the improved DEA model provides a short, dynamic and straight path in order to achieve greater efficiency for every institution. The priority provided by the improved DEA method has been compatible with the priority given by the existing DEA method for all of the understudied cases.
